The muscle-building peptide market sells a simple story: stimulate your own growth hormone axis, or supply growth factors directly, and gain the benefits of GH or IGF-1 without "synthetic hormones." The scientific record tells a more awkward one. GH itself is a modest and side-effect-prone muscle agent in healthy adults; the secretagogues that mimic its release have never demonstrated meaningful hypertrophy in a controlled human trial; and the growth-factor and myostatin-pathway compounds either have no human data at all or were halted in trials for safety reasons.

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